ここ - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (2024)

See also: こご, ごご, and 🈁

Contents

  • 1 Japanese
    • 1.1 Etymology 1
      • 1.1.1 Pronunciation
      • 1.1.2 Pronoun
        • 1.1.2.1 Usage notes
        • 1.1.2.2 See also
    • 1.2 Etymology 2
    • 1.3 References

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative spellings
此処
此所


⟨ko2ko2/koko/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ここ or こゝ (koko)

  1. (deictically) this place, area, or part (near the speaker). Can be juxtaposed with a phrase with (de) or (ni).
    • 1985 December 20, Taeko Watanabe, “(だい)(よん)(じゅう)(はち)() ()(ぞく) (いち)”, in ファミリー!, volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 72:

      シアトルから()()へは…(むす)()(たず)ねてきました…ぼくは———ジョナサン・アレンの(ちち)(おや)です
      Shiatoru kara koko e wa… musuko o tazunetekimash*ta …Boku wa ———Jonasan Aren no chichioya desu
      I came here (to LA) from Seattle… to look for my son …I am —Jonathan Allen’s father
    • 2004 August 17, CLAMP, “Chapitre(シャピトル).46(よんじゅうろく) (ゆめ)()(かい)”, in ツバサ RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 91:

      ここ桜花(エドニス)(こく)にある妖精遊園地(フェアリーパーク)
      Koko wa Edonisu-koku ni aru Fearī Pāku
      This is Fairy Park of Edonis
  2. (deictically) this organization or team (near the speaker). Can be juxtaposed with a phrase with (de) or (ni).
  3. (anaphorically) this place, area, or part I am talking about (only the speaker knows).
  4. (anaphorically) this organization or team I am talking about (only the speaker knows).
Usage notes[edit]
  • The hiragana spelling (ここ) is preferred to the kanji spelling (此処), which is rarely used.
See also[edit]
ko-
“this”
(close to speaker)
so-
“that”
(close to listener)
a-
“that over there”
(far from both)
do-
“which”
(indeterminate, question)
Objectこれ (kore)それ (sore)あれ (are)どれ (dore)
これら (korera)それら (sorera)あれら (arera)
Determinerこの (kono)その (sono)あの (ano)どの (dono)
これら (korera no)それら (sorera no)あれら (arera no)
Kindこんな (konna)そんな (sonna)あんな (anna)どんな (donna)
こういう (kō iu)そういう (sō iu)ああいう (ā iu)どういう (dō iu)
Placeここ (koko)そこ (soko)あそこ (asoko)*どこ (doko)
こっから (kokkara)そっから (sokkara)どっから (dokkara)
Direction / Humanこちら (kochira)そちら (sochira)あちら (achira)どちら (dochira)
こなた (konata)そなた (sonata)あなた (anata)どなた (donata)
Directionこっち (kotchi)そっち (sotchi)あっち (atchi)どっち (dotchi)
Humanこいつ (koitsu)そいつ (soitsu)あいつ (aitsu)どいつ (doitsu)
Mannerこう ()そう ()ああ (ā)**どう ()
Degreeこれくらい (kore kurai)それくらい (sore kurai)あれくらい (are kurai)どれくらい (dore kurai)
これだけ (kore dake)それだけ (sore dake)あれだけ (are dake)どれだけ (dore dake)
これほど (kore hodo)それほど (sore hodo)あれほど (are hodo)どれほど (dore hodo)
* irregular
** regular (long vowel)

The kanji () (ko), () (so), () (a), and () (do) can be used for determiners, but they are almost always spelled in hiragana.

a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person)
na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person)
k-
“this”
(close to speaker)
s-
“that”
(close to listener)
a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both)
i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative)
ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person (a)
あれ (are)
(wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro)
(na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi)
(ko)
これ (kore)
(so)
それ (sore)
(a)
あれ (are)
(ka)
かれ (kare)
(ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi)
おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing (ko)
これ (kore)
(so)
それ (sore)
(a)
あれ (are)
(ka)
かれ (kare)
いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Locationここ (koko)そこ (soko)あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko)
いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Directionこち (kochi)
こなた (konata)
そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata)
あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata)
いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう ()
(sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika)
いか (ika)
Timeいつ (itsu)

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of ここ – see the following entries.
個個
[noun] one by one; separately

Alternative spellings
箇箇, こゝ

戸戸
[noun] every house

Alternative spelling
こゝ

呱呱
[adverb] (onomatopoeia) representation of a baby's cry, especially the cry of a newborn baby

Alternative spellings
呱々, こゝ

(This term, ここ, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as ここ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ここ.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
ここ - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (2024)
Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Rev. Porsche Oberbrunner

Last Updated:

Views: 5545

Rating: 4.2 / 5 (73 voted)

Reviews: 88% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Rev. Porsche Oberbrunner

Birthday: 1994-06-25

Address: Suite 153 582 Lubowitz Walks, Port Alfredoborough, IN 72879-2838

Phone: +128413562823324

Job: IT Strategist

Hobby: Video gaming, Basketball, Web surfing, Book restoration, Jogging, Shooting, Fishing

Introduction: My name is Rev. Porsche Oberbrunner, I am a zany, graceful, talented, witty, determined, shiny, enchanting person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.