GNU Octave Version 7 (2023)

Summary of important user-visible changes

April 06, 2022

News for version7 6 5 4.4 4.2 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3 2 1 (Release History)

General improvements

• Many functions in Octave can be called in a command form—noparentheses for invocation and no return argument assignment—or in afunctional form—parentheses and ‘=’ for assignment of return values.

  Command Form Example

  mkdir new_directory

  Function Form Example

  status = mkdir ("new_directory")

  Octave now handles errors that occur in a consistent manner. If called in command form and there is a failure, an error is thrown and a message printed. If called in functional form, no error or message is printed and the failure is communicated to the programmer via the output status variable.

  The following list of functions have been modified.

  • copyfile
  • fcntl
  • fileattrib
  • kill
  • link
  • mkfifo
  • movefile
  • rename
  • rmdir
  • symlink
  • unlink

• Calling a user-defined function with too many inputs or outputs is nowan error. The interpreter makes this check automatically. If afunction uses varargin then the check is skipped for function inputs,and if a function uses varargout then the check is skipped for functionoutputs. Input validation for functions typically begins with checkingthat the number of inputs and outputs match expectations. Existing codecan be simplified by removing these checks which are now done by theinterpreter. Typically, code blocks like the following can simply bedeleted.

  ## Checking number of inputsif (nargin > 2) print_usage ();endif## Checking number of outputsif (nargout > 1) print_usage ();endif

  (Video) Como instalar o GNU Octave no Windows - Computação Científica

• Binary and hexadecimal constants like 0b101 and 0xDEADBEEF nowcreate integers (unsigned by default) with sizes determined from thenumber of digits present. For example, 0xff creates a uint8 valueand 0xDEADBEEF creates a uint64 value. You may also use a suffix ofthe form u8, u16, u32, u64, s8, s16, s32, or s64 toexplicitly specify the data type to use (u or s to indicate unsignedor signed and the number to indicate the integer size).

  Binary constants are limited to 64 binary digits and hexadecimalconstants are limited to 16 hexadecimal digits with no automaticrounding or conversion to floating point values. Note that this maycause problems in existing code. For example, an expression like[0x1; 0x100; 0x10000] will be uint8 (because of the rules ofconcatenating integers of different sizes) with the larger valuestruncated (because of the saturation semantics of integer values). Toavoid these kinds of problems either: 1) declare the first integer to beof the desired size such as [0x1u32; 0x100; 0x10000], or 2) padconstants in array expressions with leading zeros so that they use thesame number of digits for each value such as[0x00_00_01; 0x00_01_00; 0x01_00_00].

• The colon operator now works for integer (int8, int16, …, uint64)and single data types. However, only double ranges use amemory-efficient storage scheme internally. Other data types arestored as ordinary arrays.

• The increment and decrement operators ++ and -- must “hug” theircorresponding variables. In previous versions of Octave, whitespacesbetween these operators and the variable they affect were allowed. Thatis no longer the case.

  See Also

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• The mldivide function (i.e., the \ operator) now uses an LUdecomposition to solve nearly singular full square matrices. This isMatlab-compatible and yields results which more nearly minimize norm(A*x - b). Previously, Octave computed a minimum-norm solution.

• The factor function has been overhauled for speed. For largeinputs > 1e14, it can be up to 10,000 times faster.

• The isprime function uses a new primality testing algorithmthat is up to 50,000 times faster for inputs > 1e14.

• The betainc function now calculates an exact output for theimportant special cases where a or b are 1.

• The whos function now displays an additional attribute ‘s’ whenthe variable is a sparse type.

• As part of GSoC 2020, Abdallah K. Elshamy implemented thejsondecode and jsonencode functions to read and write JSON data.

• As part of GSoC 2021, Abdallah K. Elshamy implemented thejupyter_notebook classdef class. This class supports running andfilling Jupyter Notebooks using the Octave language kernel from Octaveitself. Making the evaluation of long-running Jupyter Notebooks on acomputing server without permanent browser connection possible.

• By default, the history file is now located at $DATA/octave/history,where $DATA is a platform dependent location for (roaming) user datafiles (e.g., ${XDG_DATA_HOME} or, if that is not set, ~/.local/share onUnix-like operating systems or %APPDATA% on Windows).

• For Octave on Windows OS, the minimum required version of the WindowsAPI is now 6.1 (Windows 7 or newer).

• The non-re-entrant version of the QHull library “libqhull” wasdeprecated upstream. Octave now (optionally) requires the re-entrantversion of that library “libqhull_r” instead.

• Octave’s build system no longer appends “++” to the end of the“magick++” library name (set with the --with-magick= configure flag).The real name of the “magick++” library (including any potentiallytrailing “++”) needs to be set in that option now.

  (Video) Minicurso Octave - Aula 7: Funções Matemáticas

• The pkg update command now accepts options that are passed to pkg install for each updated package. Specifying -local or-global will restrict update checks to local or globalinstalled packages, respectively.

Graphical User Interface

• The graphical user interface is now available in Hungarian andTurkish.

• In debug mode, symbol values are now shown in tooltips when hoveringvariables in the editor panel.

• The “Disable global shortcuts when Command Window has focus” GUIpreference under the Shortcuts tab is now disabled by default. Thisoption disables keyboard shortcuts to avoid interference with readlinekey strokes in the Command Window. Unlike versions prior to Octave 7,this preference now also affects the Ctrl-C/V shortcuts for copy/paste.

• In command line mode, i.e. when Octave is started without the --gui option,the doc command now opens the GUI documentation browser as a standalone widget,provided that Octave was compiled with GUI support.

Graphics backend

• Support for Qt4 for both graphics and the GUI has been removed.

• If a working LaTeX tool chain is found on the path, including latex,dvipng, and dvisvgm binaries, then text strings can now be renderedproperly when using the "latex" value for the text objects’"interpreter" property and axes objects’ "ticklabelinterpreter".Type doc "latex interpreter" for further info.

• The "Marker" property for plot objects now accepts | which drawsa vertical line or _ which draws a horizontal line.

• The FMT format argument for plot commands now accepts long forms forcolor names which may be more understandable than the existingone-letter codes. For example, the RGB value [0 0 0] can now bespecified by "black" in addition to "k".

• The color graphics properties, for example "EdgeColor" or"FaceColor", now accept HTML specifications. An HTML specification isa string that begins with the character ‘#’ and is followed by either 3or 6 hexadecimal digits. For example, magenta which is 100% red andblue values can specified by "#FF00FF" or "#F0F".

• The additional property "contextmenu" has been added to all graphicsobjects. It is equivalent to the previously used "uicontextmenu"property which is hidden now.

• uicontrol objects now fully implement the "Off" and "Inactive"values of the "Enable" property. When the value is "Off", nointeraction with the object occurs and the uicontrol changes color(typically to gray) to indicate it is disabled. When the value is"Inactive", the object appears normally (no change in color), but itis not possible to change the value of the object (such as modifyingtext in an Edit box or clicking on a RadioButton).

• The "ListBoxTop" property for uicontrol objects has beenimplemented for set commands.

• The Title property for print formats such as PDF or SVG is now setto the title displayed on the figure window which contains the plot.

• Additional properties have been added to the axes graphics object:

  (Video) Processamento Digital de Imagens com GNU Octave (7/13)
  • "alphamap" (not yet implemented)
  • "alphascale" (not yet implemented)
  • "colorscale" (not yet implemented)
  • "fontsizemode" (not yet implemented)
  • "innerposition" (equivalent to "position")
  • "interactions" (not yet implemented)
  • "layout" (not yet implemented)
  • "legend" (not yet implemented)
  • "nextseriesindex" (read-only, used by scattergraphics objects)
  • "positionconstraint" (replacement for "activepositionproperty"which is now a hidden property. No plans for removal.)
  • "toolbar" (not yet implemented)
  • "xaxis" (not yet implemented)
  • "yaxis" (not yet implemented)
  • "zaxis" (not yet implemented)

Matlab compatibility

• The function griddata now implements the "v4" Biharmonic SplineInterpolation method. In adddition, the function now accepts 3-D inputsby passing the data to griddata3.

• Coordinate transformation functions cart2sph, sph2cart,cart2pol, and pol2cart now accept either row or column vectors forcoordinate inputs. A single coordinate matrix with one variable percolumn can still be used as function input, but a single output variablewill now contain just the first output coordinate, and will no longerreturn the full output coordinate matrix. Output size matches the sizeof input vectors, or in the case of an input matrix will be columnvectors with rows corresponding to the input coordinate matrix.

• The function dec2bin and dec2hex now support negative numbers.

• The function factor now supports uint64 inputs larger thanflintmax.

• The function primes now supports char inputs.

• The functions quantile and prctile now permit operating ondimensions greater than ndims (x).

• The function iqr now uses Matlab compatible interpolation forquantile values. The dimension input now allows a vector, “all”, anddimensions greater than ndims (x). The function also handlesInf and NaN input values in a Matlab-compatible manner.

• The function importdata now produces more compatible results whenthe file contains a 2-D text matrix.

• The file functions copyfile, mkdir, movefile, rmdir now returna logical value (true/false) rather than a numeric value (1/0).

• uimenu now accepts property "Text" which is identical to"Label". Matlab recommends using "Text" in new code, although thereis no announced date for deprecating "Label".

• The functions scatter and scatter3 now return a handle to ascatter graphics object. For compatibility, they return an hggroup ofpatch graphics objects when the "gnuplot" graphics toolkit is used. Inprevious versions of Octave, these functions returned an hggroup ofpatch graphics objects for all graphics toolkits.

• The functions bar and barh now handle stacked negative bar valuesin a Matlab-compatible manner. Negative values now stack below the zeroaxis independently of a positive value bars in the same stack.Previously the negative bars could overlap positive bars depending ondrawing order.

• The functions bar and barh now use colors from the "ColorOrder"axes property rather than the "Colormap" figure property unless oneof the histogram options (@qcode{“hist”}, @qcode{“histc”} was specified.

• The function saveas now defaults to saving in Octave figure format(.ofig) rather than PDF (.pdf).

• A new warning ID ("Octave:unimplemented-matlab-functionality") hasbeen added which prints a warning when Octave’s parser recognizes validMatlab code, but for which Octave does not yet implement thefunctionality. By default, this warning is enabled.

  (Video) GNU Octave (GUI)

• When Octave is started with the --traditional option for maximumcompatibility the print_struct_array_contents internal variable is setto true.

• The function repelem now produces a row vector output when the input isa scalar.

• The functions var and std now accept a weight vector as input andcompute the weigthed variance. Dimension input now allows a vector andthe keyword “all”.

Deprecated functions and operators

The following functions and operators have been deprecated in Octave 7and will be removed from Octave 9 (or whatever version is the secondmajor release after 7):

• Functions

  Function	Replacement
  disable_diagonal_matrix	optimize_diagonal_matrix
  disable_permutation_matrix	optimize_permutation_matrix
  disable_range	optimize_range

• Operators

  Operator	Replacement	Description
  **	^	Matrix exponent
  .**	.^	Element-by-element exponent
  .+	+	Element-by-element addition
  .-	-	Element-by-element subtraction

• Interpreter

  • The use of '...' for line continuations inside double-quoted strings has been deprecated. Use '\' for line continuations inside strings instead.

  • The use of '\' as a line continuation outside of double-quoted strings has been deprecated. Use '...' for line continuations instead.

  • Any trailing whitespace after a '\' line continuation has been deprecated. Delete unnecessary trailing whitespace.

The following functions were deprecated in Octave 6 and will be removedfrom Octave 8 (or whatever version is the second major release after 6):

• Functions

  Function	Replacement
  runtests	oruntests

• The environment variable used by mkoctfile for linker flags is nowLDFLAGS rather than LFLAGS. LFLAGS was deprecated in Octave 6,and a warning is now emitted if it is used, but it will continue towork.

Removed functions, properties, and features

The following functions and properties were deprecated in Octave 5and have been removed from Octave 7.

• Functions

  (Video) Curso de Octave - Transposição e Referência em Arranjos #7

  Function	Replacement
  output_max_field_width	output_precision
  is_keyword	iskeyword

• Properties

  Object	Property	Value
  text	fontangle	"oblique"
  uibuttongroup	fontangle	"oblique"
  uicontrol	fontangle	"oblique"
  uipanel	fontangle	"oblique"
  uitable	fontangle	"oblique"

• The prototype JIT compiler has been removed from Octave. Since it wasfirst added as part of a Google Summer of Code project in 2012, no onehas ever seriously taken on further development of it and it still doesnothing significant. It is out of date with the default interpreterthat walks the parse tree. Even though we have fixed the configurescript to disable it by default, people still ask questions about how tobuild it, but it doesn’t seem that they are doing that to work on it butbecause they think it will make Octave code run faster (it never did,except for some extremely simple bits of code as examples fordemonstration purposes only). The following functions related to theJIT compiler have also been removed: debug_jit, jit_enable,jit_failcnt, and jit_startcnt.

Alphabetical list of new functions added in Octave 7

• cospi
• getpixelposition
• endsWith
• fill3
• jsondecode
• jsonencode
• jupyter_notebook
• listfonts
• matlab.net.base64decode
• matlab.net.base64encode
• memory
• ordqz
• rng
• sinpi
• startsWith
• streamribbon
• turbo
• uniquetol
• xtickangle
• ytickangle
• ztickangle